Sharing Experience Of Exhibition Operation.

After China's accession to the world trade organization, the exhibition industry has developed rapidly, and has initially formed five exhibition economic industrial belts: the northeast border trade and Exhibition economic industrial belt, the Beijing Tianjin Exhibition economic industrial belt, the Yangtze River Delta Exhibition economic industrial belt, the Pearl River Delta Convention and Exhibition industrial belt and the Western Convention and Exhibition industrial belt.

In this way, the status of exhibition industry associations is becoming more and more prominent in the exhibition market. It is necessary to analyze the operation mode of foreign trade associations theoretically, and continue to deepen the research on the nature, functions, operation norms and management system of exhibition industry associations, which determine to a certain extent the strength of trade associations' functions, and affect the structural arrangement and overall operation mechanism of trade associations.

1. The operation mode of foreign exhibition industry associations

At present, the operation mode of international exhibition industry associations can be classified into three categories according to the relationship among industry associations, governments, markets and enterprises.

One is the "horizontal operation mode" represented by the United States, the other is the vertical operation mode represented by Japan and Germany, and the third is the comprehensive operation mode represented by France and Hongkong.

(1) horizontal operation mode, enterprise driven type.

The "horizontal operation mode" represented by the United States is a mode of trade associations mainly characterized by voluntary organization and voluntary participation of exhibition enterprises. It has strong folk character, laissez faire and loose regulation in management.

The biggest feature is that the enterprise promotes itself. During the development of the exhibition industry, when meeting the price and quality problems of the same industry, the exhibition enterprise organization is forced to form a trade association's impulse in order to safeguard its own interests and market order. It tries to regulate the market industry order by industry self-discipline, for example, the IAEM.

Obviously, the trade associations established under this background depend on the enterprises themselves, and other factors, such as the government's help or guidance, is only the external factors of the power source.

That is to say, as long as the exhibition enterprises have the same interests, they can set up an industry association.

Trade associations provide technical and information services for enterprises, and coordinate the relationship between government, enterprises and consumers. Strong trade associations such as the American Chamber of Commerce and the American Manufacturers Association maintain close ties with the federal government and the parliament.

When government enterprises are in conflict, they seek parliamentary support and intervention. In accordance with the principle of opposing balance, the relationship between government and industry associations has been respected in the United States for a long time.

(two) vertical operation mode, government driven type.

The vertical operation mode represented by Japan and Germany is a kind of industry association mode, which is participated by the government's administrative functions, which is dominated by large scale mice enterprises and extensively participated by small and medium enterprises.

Its prominent feature is to emphasize the role of the government in promoting the role of government agencies and external non-governmental organizations.

The government of Japan and Germany has greatly reduced the professional economic management departments through institutional reform and functional adjustment, so that professional economic management has been pformed from the past emphasis on strip management to a more comprehensive industry management.

In this way, some functions are gradually divestied from the government functions and pferred to industry associations, so that industry associations can be generated under the guidance of the government, and they are actively committed to developing their own market economy at high speed, trying to establish a macro management mode of cooperation between the government and the society or between the officials and the people.

Through institutional reform and functional adjustment, the professional economic management departments are greatly reduced, so that professional economic management is pformed from the emphasis on strip management in the past to the emphasis on comprehensive management of industries.

In this way, some functions are gradually divestied from the government functions and pferred to the trade associations, so that the industry associations can be generated under the leadership of the government.

The trade association has a large organization and a high degree of organization. Its coverage is wide. The government and industry associations are a cooperative and coordinated relationship.

(three) comprehensive operation mode, market driven type.

The "comprehensive operation mode" represented by France, Switzerland and Hongkong is not as simple as the independent promotion of enterprises and the government led promotion. It refers to the government's participation in the management under the promotion of the market. The government and the exhibition enterprises have poured a lot of energy into the process of forming the Association. It is difficult to distinguish between the enterprises and the government, which is the product of the joint efforts of the enterprises and the government.

Moreover, the relationship between industry associations and the government is very close. For example, the Hongkong Hongkong Exhibition Association (HKECOSA) has the main responsibility of coordinating with the government propaganda to build Hongkong into the Asia Pacific Exhibition capital, providing business training to improve the industry level, create business opportunities for member units, enhance contacts among members, and express unified opinions on behalf of the industry to the media and the government.

Two, experience and Enlightenment

From the analysis of the operation mode of foreign exhibition industry associations, we can know that both horizontal trade associations, vertical trade associations, or comprehensive trade associations have some common experiences to learn from.